I-1.Isetshenziselwa ukwenza iziqhumane ezibomvu, amabhomu esignali, amashubhu omlilo, ama-reagents okuhlaziya, ingilazi ye-optical, i-substrate yengilazi ye-crystal ewuketshezi, izinhlelo zokucisha umlilo ze-aerosol nezinye izithasiselo zomlilo.
2.Isetshenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode zamashubhu e-vacuum embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ama-airbag ezimoto kanye nezingulube zebanga eliphezulu.