1. Ngokuphumelela kancane kancane kokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu, ijubane lokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwe-graphene iyasheshisa. Kususelwa kwimiphumela yocwaningo ekhona, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala zokuthengisa zingaba amadivayisi eselula, i-aerospace, namandla amasha. Inkambu yebhethri. I-Graphene Eyisisekelo Yocwaningo inokubaluleka okukhethekile kocwaningo oluyisisekelo ku-physics. Inika amandla imiphumela ethile ye-quantum engakhonjiswa kuphela ngokweqiniso ngaphambi kokuba iqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa.
2. In graphene enezinhlangothi ezimbili, inqwaba yama-elektroni ibukeka ingabikho. Le mpahla yenza i-gradene ibe yindaba engandile engavuliwe engase isetshenziselwe ukutadisha i-quantum hartum - ngoba ama-quantum are-quantum atholakele, okufundwayo okuvela endabeni yama-carticient nge-gradeatoratories. I-Zero Energy Gap Semiconductors ikakhulukazi i-graphene ye-linerler-ungqimba, futhi le sakhiwo se-elekthronikhi izothinta kakhulu iqhaza le-molecule yegesi ebusweni bayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa negrafu ngobuningi, umsebenzi we-graphioner lingle-ungqimba ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuphendula komhlaba uboniswa yimiphumela ye-graphene hydrogenation kanye nokusabela kwe-oxidation, okukhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-elekthronikhi kwe-graphene kungashintsha umsebenzi ongaphezulu.
3 I-graphene yenzwa ingenziwa inzwa yamakhemikhali. Le nqubo iphothulwa ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwe-adsorption ye-grapheene. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwezazi ezithile, ukuzwela kokuthola amakhemikhali we-graphene chemical kungaqhathaniswa nomkhawulo wokutholwa kwe-molecule eyodwa. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-Graphene I-Graphene iyinto efanelekile ye-Electrochemical Biosensors. Izinzwa ezenziwe nge-graphene zinokuzwela okuhle zokuthola i-dopamine ne-glucose kwezokwelapha. I-Transistor Graphene ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-transistors. Ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo se-graphene, lolu hlobo lwe-transtoror lusasebenza ngokumangazayo esikalini se-athomu elilodwa.
4. Ngokuphambene, ama-transistors asuselwa kumanje aseSikiliyoni azolahlekelwa ukuzinza kwawo esikalini sama-nanometers ayi-10; Ijubane lokuphendula elisheshayo le-elektroni ku-grapheenti ensimini yangaphandle yenza ukuthi ama-transistors awenziwe kuwo angafinyelela imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu yokusebenza. Isibonelo, i-IBM imemezele ngoFebhuwari 2010 ukuthi izokhulisa imvamisa yokusebenza kwezindlu zokugcina ze-ghz, ezedlula ezenziwa yi-silicon transistors ngosayizi ofanayo. Ukubonisa okuguquguqukayo Isikrini esigoqiwe sidonswe ukunakwa okuningi embukisweni we-elekthronikhi yabathengi, futhi sekuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezikrini zokubonisa eziguqukayo zokubonisa kwensiza yeselula ngokuzayo.
I-5. Imakethe yesikhathi esizayo yokuboniswa okuguquguqukayo ibanzi, futhi ithemba le-graphene njengento eyisisekelo lethembisa. Abacwaningi baseNingizimu Korea bakhiqize okokuqala ngqa ukuboniswa okusobala okubonakala kwezendlalelo eziningi ze-graphene kanye ne-fiber fiber polyester sheetstrate. Abaphenyi abavela eSouth Korea's Samsung kanye neSungkyunkwan University basebenzise ucezu lwe-graph emsulwa ngosayizi we-TV kwi-polyester gelester ebonakalayo evulekile ye-polyester. Basho ukuthi lokhu kuyi-graphene block enkulu kakhulu. Kamuva, basebenzise i-graphene block ukudala isikrini sokuthinta esiguquguqukayo.
6. Abaphenyi bathi ngombono, abantu bangakwazi ukugoqa ama-smartphones abo bazithobe ngemuva kwezindlebe zabo njengepensela. Amabhethri amasha Amandla Amandla Amandla Amasha nawo ayindawo ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kokuthengiswa kokuqala kwe-graphene. IMassachusetts Institute of Technology e-United States ithuthukise ngempumelelo amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic aguqukayo nge-Graphe Neno-Coathings ebusweni, anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza amangqamuzana elanga. Amabhethri anjalo angasetshenziswa ema-Goggles ebusuku, amakhamera namanye amakhamera amancane edijithali. Isicelo kudivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluphumelelayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri we-graphene super futhi axazulule izinkinga zomthamo onganele kanye nesikhathi eside ukushaja kwamabhethri ezimoto ezintsha, ukusheshisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha omusha webhethri wamandla.
7. Lolu chungechunge lwemiphumela yocwaningo lwalwa indlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-grapheene embonini yebhethri yamandla entsha. Ukuhlunga kwe-Graphination graphenation kusetshenziswa ngaphezu kobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika. Ngemuva kwefilimu le-grafshone oxide endaweni yokuxhumana kwamanzi lisondelene namanzi, isiteshi esinobubanzi obungama-nanometers acishe abe ngu-0.9 bungakhiwa, nama-ion noma ama-molecule amancane kunalawa usayizi angadlula ngokushesha. Usayizi weziteshi ze-capillary kwifilimu ye-graphene uphinde wacindezelwa izindlela zomshini, futhi usayizi wobukhulu obulawulwa, ongahlunga kahle usawoti emanzini olwandle. I-graphene yesitoreji se-hydrogen inezinzuzo zesisindo esikhanyayo, ukuqina okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nendawo ephakeme ephezulu, okwenza kube ngumuntu ozongenela kangcono izinsiza zokugcina i-hydrogen. Ngenxa yezimpawu zokuvuselelwa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukukhanya kwe-ultra-light futhi mncane e-aerospe
8. Ngo-2014, uNasa e-United States waba nenzwa ye-graphene esetshenziswe emkhakheni we-aerospace, ongabona umkhondo wezinto eziphakeme endaweni ephakeme yoMhlaba kanye nesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphakeme emhlabeni kanye nesakhiwo ku-spacecraft. I-Graphene sizophinde sidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezingaba khona njengezinto zezindiza ezindizayo. Into enezithombe kuwuhlobo olusha lwento yezithombe esebenzisa i-graphene njengoba impahla yento yezithombe. Ngesakhiwo esikhethekile, kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise ikhono elizwakalayo ngezinkulungwane zezikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-CMO noma i-CCD ekhona, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kungu-10% wangempela kuphela. Ingasetshenziswa emkhakheni wabaqaphi kanye nokucabanga kwe-satellite, futhi ingasetshenziswa kumakhamera, amafoni ahlakaniphile, njll. Izinto ezihlanganisa izinto ze-graphethite ze-graphenite ziyindlela ebalulekile yocwaningo emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Bakhombise ukusebenza okuhle emikhakheni yokugcinwa kwamandla, amadivaysi e-liquid Crystal, amadivaysi kagesi, izinto zemvelo, izinto zokufunda, futhi zinamathemba ahlukahlukene wesicelo.
9. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwezinhlanganisela ze-graphene ikakhulukazi lugxile kuma-graphene polymer composites kanye nama-norcomoms asekelwe ku-inocoposic asuselwa kwigazi. Ngokujula kocwaningo lwe-graphene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-graphene ukuqiniswa kwezinhlanganisela zensimbi ngobuningi babantu abakhokha ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Ama-Polymer ahlanganisiwe ama-Polymer kanye nezinto zokwakha eziphakeme ze-porous ceramic ezenziwe nge-graphene zithuthukisa izakhiwo eziningi ezikhethekile zezinto ezihlanganisiwe. I-BioPogranet isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukwahluka kwe-osteogenic kwamangqamuzana e-mesenchymal stem mesenchymal, futhi futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-biosensist we-epiton Carbide. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-graphene ingasetshenziswa njenge-electrode ye-nerve interface ngaphandle kokushintsha noma ukucekela phansi izakhiwo ezinjengamandla wesiginali noma ukwakheka kwesicubu. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukwenziwa kanye nokuvuselelwa, ama-electrodes we-graphene aqinile kakhulu eVivo kune-tungsten noma ama-alectrodes e-silicon. I-GrageXide isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kuka-E. Coli ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli abantu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-06-2021