1. Gwema ukuxhumana nomoya. Gwema ukuxhumana nama-chloride acid, umoya-mpilo kanye nama-acids.
2 Kunokunambitheka okumunyu. Kungenakuphikwa ngamanzi, kepha angazinzile emanzini, ancibilike kalula e-ethanol, ether, e-benzene kanye ne-chloroform, kanye ne-infolofork, kanye ne-infessoluum hydrocarbons. Insoluble e-Alkanes.
I-3 Kuzinzile ku-alkali, kepha kulula ukukwenza ngaphansi kwesenzo se-acid noma i-oksijini emoyeni. Ikakhulu, kuzwela kakhulu kuma-acid anamandla futhi kuvame ukubamba umlilo lapho ukusabela kukhulu. Kuvela luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho kufudunyezwa ngenhlanganisela ye-diphheny, acetic acid, kanye ne-sulfuric acid (ukusabela kwe-diphheny).
4. Ikhona emaqabunga kagwayi awela amabisi, amaqabunga kagwayi we-burley, amaqabunga e-tobacco aseMpumalanga kanye nentuthu.