1. Kuyacasula epheshana eliphakeme lokuphefumula. Inomthelela oqinile, ocasulayo futhi ozwela esikhunjeni. Kungadala umonakalo emehlweni. Kuyavutha, ukuqhuma, kuyacasula kakhulu, futhi kuzwela.
2. Ukuqina kungazinzile
3. Ukungalingani: Ama-ejenti aqinile ancishisiwe, ama-acid, alkalis, ama-alcohols
4. Izimo ukugwema ukushisa, ukukhanya, ukungqubuzana, ukudlidliza
I-5. Izingozi ze-polymerization, akukho polymerization
I-6