1. Ngokuphumelela ngokuthe ngcembe kwemveliso yobuninzi kunye neengxaki zobukhulu obukhulu, isantya sokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yegraphene siyakhula. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando ezikhoyo, izicelo zokuqala zokurhweba zinokuba zizixhobo eziphathwayo, i-aerospace, kunye namandla amatsha. Indawo yebhetri. Uphando olusisiseko iGraphene inokubaluleka okukhethekileyo kuphando olusisiseko kwifiziksi. Yenza ukuba ezinye iziphumo ze-quantum ziboniswe kuphela ngokwethiyori phambi kokuba zingqinwe ngemifuniselo.
2. Kwigraphene ene-dimensional-dimensional, ubunzima bee-electron bubonakala bungekho. Le propathi yenza igraphene ibe yinto enqabileyo ecuthekileyo enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukufunda irelativistic quantum mechanics-kuba amasuntswana amakhulu kufuneka ahambe ngesantya sokukhanya Ke ngoko, kufuneka ichazwe ngobuchwephesha be-quantum obuhambelanayo, obubonelela ngeefiziksi zethiyori ngendlela entsha yophando: ezinye imifuniselo ebifuneka kuqala ukuba yenziwe kwi-particle giant accelerators inokuqhutywa ngegraphene kwiilabhoratri ezincinci. I-Zero gap semiconductors yamandla ubukhulu becala yigraphene yomgangatho omnye, kwaye olu lwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki luya kuchaphazela kakhulu indima yeemolekyuli zegesi kumphezulu wayo. Xa kuthelekiswa negraphite yobuninzi, umsebenzi wegraphene yomaleko omnye ukomeleza umsebenzi wokuphendula umphezulu uboniswa ziziphumo zegraphene hydrogenation kunye neoxidation reactions, ebonisa ukuba ubume be-elektroniki begraphene bunokulungelelanisa umsebenzi ongaphezulu.
3. Ukongezelela, isakhiwo se-elektroniki segraphene sinokutshintshwa ngokuhambelanayo ngokungeniswa kwe-adsorption ye-gas molekyuli, engatshintshi kuphela ukuxinwa kwabathwali, kodwa inokuthi ifakwe ngeegrafu ezahlukeneyo. Igraphene yesivamvo ingenziwa ibeyinzwa yekhemikhali. Le nkqubo igqityezelwa ikakhulu kukusebenza komphezulu we-graphene. Ngokophando lwabanye abaphengululi, ubuntununtunu bemichiza yegraphene inokuthelekiswa nomda wokubonwa kwemolekyuli enye. Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lweGraphene olunamacala mabini luyenza ivakale kakhulu kwindawo eyingqongileyo. Igraphene yinto efanelekileyo kwi-biosensors ye-electrochemical. Izinzwa ezenziwe ngegraphene zinovakalelo oluhle lokubona i-dopamine kunye neglucose kumayeza. I-Transistor graphene ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-transistors. Ngenxa yozinzo oluphezulu lwesakhiwo segraphene, olu hlobo lwe-transistor lusenokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwisikali se-athomu enye.
4. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-transistors yangoku esekelwe kwi-silicon iya kulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwabo kwisikali malunga ne-nanometers ye-10; isantya yokusabela ultra-fast of elekhtrons kwigraphene ukuya kwintsimi yangaphandle yenza transistors eyenziwe ngayo inokufikelela kakhulu kakhulu yokusebenza frequency. Umzekelo, i-IBM ibhengeze ngoFebruwari ka-2010 ukuba iya kwandisa ukusebenza kwee-graphene transistors ukuya kwi-100 GHz, edlula i-silicon transistors yobukhulu obufanayo. Umboniso oguquguqukayo Isikrini esigobekayo satsala ingqwalasela enkulu kwi-Consumer Electronics Show, kwaye iye yaba yindlela yophuhliso lwezikrini eziguquguqukayo zokubonisa izixhobo eziphathwayo kwixesha elizayo.
5. Imarike yexesha elizayo yomboniso oguquguqukayo ibanzi, kwaye ithemba legraphene njengento esisiseko nayo iyathembisa. Abaphandi baseMzantsi Korea bavelise okokuqala umboniso oguquguqukayo ocacileyo owenziwe ngamaleko amaninzi egraphene kunye ne-glass fiber polyester sheet substrate. Abaphandi abavela eMzantsi Korea's Samsung kunye neYunivesithi yaseSungkyunkwan benze iqhekeza legraphene esulungekileyo elingana ne-TV kwibhodi yepolyester yeglasi eguquguqukayo eyi-63 cm ububanzi. Bathe le yeyona nto “yeyona inkulu” ibhloko yegraphene. Emva koko, basebenzise ibhloko yegraphene ukwenza isikrini sokuchukumisa esiguquguqukayo.
6. Abaphandi bathi kwithiyori, abantu banokuqengqa ii-smartphones zabo kwaye bazikhone emva kweendlebe zabo njengepensile. Iibhetri zamandla amatsha Iibhetri zamandla amatsha zikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yegraphene yokuqala yokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo. I-Massachusetts Institute of Technology e-United States iphuhlise ngempumelelo iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic eziguquguqukayo ezine-graphene nano-coatings kumphezulu, ezinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuvelisa iiseli zelanga ezicacileyo kunye nezinokukhubazeka. Iibhetri ezinjalo zinokusetyenziswa kwiiglasi zokujonga ebusuku, iikhamera kunye nezinye iikhamera ezincinci zedijithali. Usetyenziso kwisixhobo. Ukongeza, uphando oluyimpumelelo kunye nophuhliso lweebhetri ezinkulu zegraphene nazo zizisombulule iingxaki zokungonelanga komthamo kunye nexesha elide lokutshaja iibhetri zemoto yamandla amatsha, okukhawulezisa kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lebhetri yamandla.
7. Olu chungechunge lweziphumo zophando luvule indlela yokusetyenziswa kwegraphene kushishino olutsha lwebhetri yamandla. Izihluzi zegraphene zokukhupha ityuwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunezinye iitekhnoloji zokukhupha ityuwa. Emva kokuba ifilimu ye-graphene oxide kwindawo yamanzi idibene ngokusondeleyo namanzi, umjelo onobubanzi obumalunga ne-0.9 nanometers unokwakheka, kwaye i-ion okanye iamolekyu ezincinci kunobu bukhulu zinokudlula ngokukhawuleza. Ubungakanani bemijelo ye-capillary kwifilimu yegraphene bunyanzeliswa ngakumbi ngeendlela zoomatshini, kwaye ubukhulu bepore buyalawuleka, obunokucoca ngokufanelekileyo ityuwa kumanzi olwandle. I-graphene yokugcina i-hydrogen inezibonelelo zobunzima bokukhanya, uzinzo oluphezulu lweekhemikhali kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wendawo ethile, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngoyena mgqatswa wezinto zokugcina i-hydrogen. Ngenxa yeempawu zokuqhuba okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukukhanya okugqithisileyo kunye nokubhityile kwi-aerospace, izibonelelo zokusetyenziswa kwegraphene kwishishini le-aerospace kunye nomkhosi womkhosi nazo zivelele kakhulu.
8. Ngo-2014, i-NASA yase-United States yavelisa i-graphene sensor esetyenziswa kwi-aerospace field, ekwazi ukubona izinto ezilandelwayo kwi-atmosphere ye-high-altitude yomhlaba kunye neziphene zesakhiwo kwi-spacecraft. I-graphene iya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinokubakho ezifana nezixhobo zenqwelomoya ezikhanyayo. I-photosensitive element luhlobo olutsha lwe-photosensitive element esebenzisa igraphene njengemathiriyeli ye-photosensitive element. Ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esikhethekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe amandla e-photosensitive ngamawaka amaxesha xa kuthelekiswa ne-CMOS ekhoyo okanye i-CCD, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yi-10% kuphela ye-original. Ingasetyenziswa kwibala leemonitha kunye nemifanekiso yesathelayithi, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiikhamera, ii-smart phones, njl njl. Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo Iimathiriyeli ezihlanganisiweyo zeGraphene zisalathiso esibalulekileyo sophando kwinkalo yezicelo zegraphene. Baye babonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwiinkalo zokugcina amandla, izixhobo zekristal ye-liquid, izixhobo zombane, izinto zebhayoloji, izinto zokuva, kunye nabathwali be-catalyst, kwaye banoluhlu olubanzi lwamathemba eSicelo.
9. Okwangoku, uphando lwee-graphene composites lugxile kakhulu kwii-graphene polymer composites kunye ne-graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. Ngokunzulu kophando lwegraphene, ukusetyenziswa kwegraphene ukuqiniswa kwiicomposites ezininzi ezisekelwe kwisinyithi Abantu bahlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi. Iikhompositi zepolymer ezisebenzayo kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kwezixhobo ze-ceramic ezenziwe ngegraphene zongeza iipropathi ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zemathiriyeli edibeneyo. I-Biographene isetyenziselwa ukukhawulezisa ukwahlukana kwe-osteogenic yeeseli ze-mesenchymal stem zomongo womntu, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-biosensors ye-epitaxial graphene kwi-silicon carbide. Kwangaxeshanye, igraphene ingasetyenziswa njenge-electrode ye-nerve interface ngaphandle kokutshintsha okanye ukutshabalalisa iipropathi ezinje ngamandla omqondiso okanye ukumila kwezicubu ezibomvu. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, i-biocompatibility kunye ne-conductivity, i-electrode yegraphene izinzile kakhulu kwi-vivo kune-tungsten okanye i-silicon electrode. I-graphene oxide iyasebenza kakhulu ekunqandeni ukukhula kwe-E. coli ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli zomntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-06-2021