I-1. Ngokukhula kancinci kwemveliso yobuninzi kunye neengxaki ezinkulu ubungakanani, isantya sendlela yokusebenza kwegraphene yokukhawulezisa ukukhawuleza. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zophando ezikhoyo, izicelo zokuqala zentengiso zinokuba zizixhobo zefowuni, i-aerospace, namandla amatsha. Intsimi yebhetri. IGraine esisiseko yoPhando ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuphando olusisiseko kwi-physics. Inika amandla ezinye zenani elinokuboniswa kuphela kwethiyoreji ngaphambi kokuba iqinisekiswe ngovavanyo.
I-2. Kwigrafu emilinganiselo emibini, ubunzima be-elektroni bubonakala ngathi ayikho. Le ndawo yenza igraphene into enqabileyo enqabileyo enokusetyenziselwa ukufunda umatshini wezixhobo ezingenamsebenzi: I-Zero Amandla e-sero appuontuctors ikakhulu ikakhulu ingatshatanga igraphene, kwaye olu lwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki luya kuyichaphazela kakhulu indima yeemolekyuli zerhasi kumphezulu wayo. Xa kuthelekiswa negrafu ye-bulk, umsebenzi wegraphedi engatshatanga ukuphucula umsebenzi wokuphendula umphezulu uboniswa ziziphumo zegraphegenation kunye neendlela zokuphendula kwe-oxidation, ebonisa ukuba ubume be-elektroniki bungayichaza umsebenzi wegraphene.
3. Ukongeza, isakhiwo se-elektroniki seGraine sinokutshintshwa ngokuhambelana nokungeniswa kwe-adsorction ye-molecule yerhasi, engatshintshanga kuphela i-carriers, kodwa inokwenziwa ngedigri. I-Exvorion Graphene inokwenziwa kwinzwa yemichiza. Le nkqubo igqityiwe ikakhulu yintsebenziswano ye-adsorption yegraphene. Ngokutsho kophando lwabanye abafundi, ubuntu bokuziva beGraine Cardic Cacial bunokuthelekiswa nomda wokungeniswa kwemolekyuli enye. Ubume obukhethekileyo be-Graphene ezimbini ze-Graphene ezimbini zenza ukuba ibonakalise kakhulu kwindawo engqongileyo. I-Graphene yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kwii-biosenshesical ze-electrochemical. Izinzwa ezenziwe nguGraine zinemvakalelo elungileyo yokufumana iDogamine kunye neGlucose kunyango. I-Traistor Graphene inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ubizo. Ngenxa yozinzo oluphezulu kwesixhobo sediphene, olu hlobo lohambo lusenokusebenza ngokuqinileyo kwinqanaba leatom enye.
4. Ngokwahlukileyo, abahambisi be-silicon esekwe kwisilika baya kuphulukana nozinzo kwisikali malunga nee-nanometer ezili-10; Isantya sokuphendula esiphezulu se-Ultra esikhawulezayo se-Elene kwi-Graphene kwicandelo langaphandle yenza ukuba abahambisekileyo okwenziwe ngayo kungafikelela rhoqo. Umzekelo, i-Ibm ibhengezwe ngoFebruwari ka-2010 ukuba iyakonyusa irejista yokusebenza kwe-100 GHZ, egqitha i-selicon eye yothutho olufanayo. Ukubonisa isikrini esibekiweyo kutsala umdla omkhulu kumthengi wombane, kwaye kuyeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso lwezikrini zokubonisa eziguquguqukayo kwisixhobo seselula kwixesha elizayo.
5. Imakethi yexesha elizayo yomboniso eguqukayo ibanzi, kwaye ithemba legraphene njengoko isisiseko esisiseko siyathembisa. Abaphandi baseSouth Korea bavelise okwesiko lokuqala ukuba kubonakale ukubonakaliswa kokubonakalayo kwegrafu kunye nephepha le-fiber fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber. Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseSamsung yase-Samsung yaseSungkyyun ye-Sungkywan iqhekeza igrafu ecocekileyo ubungakanani be-TV kwiBhodi yeGiber eguqukayo ye-fiber efikayo. Batsho ukuba le yeyona ntandokazi "ye-bulk enkulu" enkulu. Emva koko, basebenzisa i-Graphene Veb ukwenza isikrini sochukumiso esiguqukayo.
I-6. Abaphandi bathe ngokwethiyori, abantu banokukrola ii-smartphones zabo kwaye bazifaka emva kweendlebe zabo njengepensile. Iibhetri zamandla amatsha eebhetri ezitsha zezandla zikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwerakra. I-Massachusetts Institute yeTekhnoloji eUnited States iphuhlise ngempumelelo iipaneli zefotovoltaic eguqukayo kunye ne-corestors yomgangatho, onokuthi inciphise iindleko zerhente zelensi. Iibhetri ezinjalo zinokusetyenziswa kubusuku be-Goggles, iikhamera kunye nezinye iikhamera zedijithali. Isicelo kwisixhobo. Ukongeza, uphando oluyimpumelelo kunye nophuhliso lweebhetri ze-Graphene Super isombulule amandla angonelanga kunye nexesha elide lokutshaja lezithuthi ezintsha zeZithuthi, ukukhawulezisa ukukhula komzi mveliso omtsha webhetri.
7. Olu ngcelele lweziphumo zophando lwayivula indlela yokusetyenziswa kwedipheneni kwishishini elitsha lamandla ebhetri. Iifilitshala ze-disaltives zisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweetekhnoloji zokuchitha. Emva kwefilimu ye-diathone oxide kwindawo yamanzi inxibelelana namanzi, ijelo elinobubanzi obuyi-0.9 danometers lusenziwa, kwaye iimolekyuli zincinci kunesayizi. Ubungakanani beendlela ze-capillary kwi-filimu yegraphenio icinezelwe ngeendlela zoomatshini, kwaye ubungakanani be-pore lulawulwa, obungayicoca ityuwa emanzini aselwandle. I-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ineengenelo zobunzima bokukhanya, uzinzo oluphezulu kunye noluvo oluphezulu lwemichiza, lenza ukuba ibe ngumgqatswa obalaseleyo we-hydrogen. Ngenxa yeempawu zokuphumelela okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukukhanya kwe-ultra kunye ne-Aerospace, iinjongo zesicelo sedinesine kwi-aerospace kunye nemveliso yasemkhosini nazo zibalaseleyo kakhulu.
8. Ngo-2014, i-NASA e-United States yaphuhlisa i-Graphene Sonssor esetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-aerospace, enokukufumanisa izinto zokutsala kwindawo yomhlaba kunye neziphene zesakhiwo. Igraphene iya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinokubakho ezinje ngezixhobo eziphezulu. Inqaku eliyifonti luhlobo olutsha lwezinto ezifotileyo zisebenzisa igraphene njengento efontiweyo. Ngolwakhiwo olukhethekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba banyuse amandla atotali ngamawaka amaxesha athelekiswa nee-CMO ezikhoyo okanye i-CCD, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla yi-10% kuphela yeyokuqala. Ingasetyenziswa kwicandelo le-monitors kwaye i-satellite icinga, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiikhamera, iifowuni ezi-smart, njl njl. Babonisile ukusebenza okuhle kwicandelo lokugcina amandla, izixhobo zekristale ye-elektroniki, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zebhayoloji, izixhobo ezinomtsalane, kwaye zinoluhlu olubanzi lwamathemba.
Okwangoku, uphando lwamadiza eGraphene ikakhulu lujolise kwi-Graphene Polymer Polymer kunye ne-Inorganic ye-nanocoms. Ngokukwanda kakhulu kophando ngediphene, ukusetyenziswa kwegraphene yokuqiniswa kweziko elisekwe ngesinyithi uninzi lwabantu bahlawula ingqalelo engakumbi. Izixhobo zePolymaner Gollsmer kunye neZinto eziPhakamileyo zeCemiramic ezenziwe nguGraphenes Ukonyusa iimpawu ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezihlanganisiweyo. I-biographene isetyenziselwa ukukhawulezisa ukwahluka kwe-osteogenic ye-ceymy ye-mesenchym ye-cemesh ye-Stem, kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-biosens ye-biosenes ye-raphene kwi-silicon carbide. Kwangelo xesha, igraphene inokusetyenziswa njenge-nerverfission ye-nerve ye-nerve ngaphandle kokutshintsha okanye ukutshabalalisa iipropathi ezinje ngamandla esayini okanye ukubekwa kwe-tissies ye-tissies. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqhubela phambili, i-electroniki iZinzile ngakumbi kwi-vivo kune-tungsten okanye i-silicon electrodes. I-Graphene Oxide isebenza kakhulu ekunqandeni ukukhula kwe-E. Coli ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli zabantu.
I-Post Time: I-Nov-06-2021