1. Kunqande ukunxibelelana nee-oxidants, acids kunye ne-alkalis. Lulwelo olunokutsha, ke nceda unikele ingqalelo kumthombo womlilo. Ayisiyonakalisa ubhedu, intsimbi ethambileyo, intsimbi engenasitayile okanye i-aluminium.
2. Iipropathi zeekhemikhali: Izitayile zekhemikhali, i-alkali inokukhawulezisa i-hydrolysis yayo, i-acid ayinasiphumo kwi-hydrolysis. Phambi kwee-oxide zentsimbi, i-silica gel, kunye nekharbon esebenzayo, ibola ngo-200 ° C ukuba ivelise i-carbon diokside kunye ne-ethylene oxide. Xa iqala nge-phenol, i-carboxyylic acid kunye ne-amine, β-hydroxyyteetheethl, β-hydroxyytethl urestane iveliswa ngokulandelelana. Ibilise i-alkali ukuvelisa i-carbonate. I-Ethylene Glybolcol Carbonate ishushu kubushushu obuphezulu no-Alkali njengeyona nto iphambili ekuveliseni i-polyethylene oxide. Phantsi kwesenzo sendlela yesodium, isodium monomethyl carbonate ivelisiwe. Dibanisa i-Glybocon ye-Glybonate kwi-Acid ye-Hydromic ye-Hydromic, ishushu kwi-100 ° C kwiiyure ezininzi kwityhubhu etywiniweyo, kwaye ibonke ibromide ye-carbon kunye ne-bethylene bromide.
3. Zikhona kwigesi yeflethi.