1. Iyada oo si tartiib tartiib ah u soo baxday wax soo saarka ballaaran iyo dhibaatooyinka baaxadda weyn, xawaaraha codsiga warshadaha ee graphene ayaa sii kordhaya. Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka cilmi-baarista ee jira, codsiyada ganacsi ee ugu horreeya waxay noqon karaan aaladaha mobilada, hawada hawada, iyo tamar cusub. Goobta batteriga Cilmi-baarista aasaasiga ah Graphene waxay muhiimad gaar ah u leedahay cilmi-baarista aasaasiga ah ee fiisigiska. Waxay awood u yeelataa saamaynta tirada qaar oo la muujin karo aragti ahaan ka hor inta aan lagu xaqiijin tijaabooyinka.
2. Garaafka laba-geesoodka ah, tirada elektaroonigga ah waxay u muuqataa mid aan jirin. Hantidani waxay ka dhigaysa graphene arrin naad ah oo isku urursan oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu barto farsamooyinka quantum-ka-maxaa yeelay qaybo aan tiro lahayn waa inay ku socdaan xawaaraha iftiinka Sidaa darteed, waa in lagu qeexaa makaanikada quantum-ka, taas oo siinaysa physicists theoretical jihada cilmi-baarista cusub: qaar ka mid ah Tijaabooyin markii hore loo baahnaa in lagu sameeyo dardar-geliyayaasha walxaha waaweyn waxaa lagu samayn karaa graphene shaybaarro yaryar. Semiconductors farqiga tamarta eber inta badan waa hal lakab oo graphene ah, iyo qaab dhismeedka elektiroonigga ah wuxuu si dhab ah u saameyn doonaa doorka molecules gaaska ee korkiisa. Marka la barbardhigo graphite bulk, shaqada graphene hal-lakab ah si kor loogu qaado dhaqdhaqaaqa falcelinta dusha sare waxaa muujinaya natiijooyinka graphene hydrogenation iyo falcelinta oksaydhka, taas oo muujinaysa in qaab dhismeedka elektarooniga ah ee graphene uu bedeli karo dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare.
3. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaab-dhismeedka elektarooniga ah ee graphene si isku mid ah ayaa loo beddeli karaa iyada oo la soo bandhigayo gaaska molecule adsorption, taas oo aan bedelin oo kaliya xoojinta sidayaal, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa lagu dhejin karaa graphene kala duwan. Garaafka dareemaha waxaa laga dhigi karaa dareeme kiimiko. Habkan waxaa inta badan lagu dhammeeyaa waxqabadka xayeysiinta dusha sare ee graphene. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarista qaar ka mid ah culimada, dareenka kiimikooyinka graphene ayaa la barbar dhigi karaa xadka ogaanshaha hal unug. Qaab dhismeedka laba-geesoodka ah ee gaarka ah ee Graphene ayaa ka dhigaya mid aad xasaasi u ah deegaanka ku xeeran. Graphene waa shay ku habboon biosensor-ka kiimikooyinka korantada. Dareemayaasha ka samaysan graphene waxay leeyihiin dareen wanaagsan oo lagu ogaanayo dopamine iyo gulukooska daawada. Transistor graphene waxaa loo isticmaali karaa samaynta transistor-ka. Sababtoo ah xasilloonida sare ee qaab dhismeedka graphene, nooca transistor-ka ayaa wali si adag ugu shaqayn kara miisaanka hal atamka.
4. Taas bedelkeeda, transistor-yada silikoon-ku-salaysan ee hadda jira waxay lumin doonaan xasilloonidooda qiyaasta qiyaastii 10 nanometers; Xawaaraha falcelinta ultra-degdega ah ee electrons ee graphene ilaa garoonka dibadda ayaa ka dhigaysa transistor-yada ka samaysan inay gaadhaan inta jeer ee hawlgalka aad u sarreeya. Tusaale ahaan, IBM waxa ay ku dhawaaqday February 2010 in ay kordhin doonto inta jeer ee shaqada ee transistor-ka graphene ilaa 100 GHz, taas oo ka badan ta silikoon transistor-yada isku cabbirka ah. Bandhig dabacsan Shaashada qalloocan ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka macaamiisha Bandhigga Elektarooniga ah, waxayna noqotay isbeddelka horumarinta muraayadaha bandhiga dabacsan ee soo bandhigida aaladaha mobilada mustaqbalka.
5. Suuqa mustaqbalka ee soo bandhigida dabacsanaantu waa mid ballaadhan, rajada graphene sida qalabka aasaasiga ah ayaa sidoo kale rajo leh. Cilmi-baarayaasha Kuuriyada Koonfureed ayaa soo saaray markii ugu horreysay bandhig hufan oo dabacsan oo ka kooban lakabyo badan oo graphene ah iyo substrate sheet polyester fiber galaas ah. Cilmi-baarayaal ka socda Kuuriyada Koonfureed ee Samsung iyo Jaamacadda Sungkyunkwan ayaa sameeyay qayb ka mid ah graphene saafi ah oo cabbirka TV-ga ku jira 63 cm oo ballac ah oo daboolan oo dabacsan oo muraayadda polyester-ka ah. Waxay sheegeen in tani ay tahay tan ugu weyn ee "bulk" graphene block. Ka dib, waxay isticmaaleen block graphene si ay u abuuraan shaashad taabashada dabacsan.
6. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay sheegeen in aragti ahaan dadku ay duubi karaan taleefannada casriga ah oo ay dhegaha gadaashooda ku dhejin karaan sida qalin. Beteriyada tamarta cusub baytariyada tamarta cusub sidoo kale waa aag muhiim u ah isticmaalka ganacsi ee ugu horeyay ee graphene. Machadka Teknolojiyadda Massachusetts ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa si guul leh u sameeyay baalal sawir-qaade ah oo dabacsan oo dusha sare ku leh graphene nano-coatings, kaas oo aad u yareyn kara qiimaha soo saarista unugyada cadceedda ee hufan iyo kuwa qallafsan. Baytariyada noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa muraayadaha habeenkii wax lagu arko, kamaradaha iyo kamaradaha kale ee yaryar ee dhijitaalka ah. Codsiga qalabka. Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi-baarista guusha leh iyo horumarinta baytariyada graphene super ayaa sidoo kale xalliyey dhibaatooyinka awoodda aan ku filneyn iyo waqti dheer oo lagu dallaco baytariyada baabuurta tamarta cusub, si weyn u dardargelinaya horumarinta warshadaha batteriga tamarta cusub.
7. Natiijooyinkan taxanaha ah ee cilmi-baarista ayaa u gogol xaadhayay adeegsiga graphene ee warshadaha batteriga tamarta cusub. Shaandhooyinka graphene-ka nadiifinta ayaa loo isticmaalaa in ka badan tignoolajiyada kale ee nadiifinta. Ka dib marka filimka graphene oxide ee deegaanka biyuhu uu xiriir dhow la yeesho biyaha, waxaa la samayn karaa kanaal ballac ah oo ku saabsan 0.9 nanometer, iyo ions ama molecules ka yar cabbirkan ayaa si degdeg ah u gudbi kara. Baaxadda kanaalada capillary ee filimka graphene waxaa lagu sii xoojiyaa habab farsamo, iyo xajmiga daloolka ayaa la xakameynayaa, taas oo si hufan u shaandhaysa milixda biyaha badda. Qalabka kaydinta hydrogen graphene wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka miisaanka fudud, xasilloonida kiimikada sare iyo meel sare oo gaar ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa musharaxa ugu fiican ee alaabta kaydinta hydrogen. Sababo la xiriira sifooyinka conductivity sare, xoogga sare, ultra-iftiin iyo khafiif ah ee hawada hawada, faa'iidooyinka codsiga graphene ee hawada iyo warshadaha military sidoo kale waa mid aad u caan ah.
8.Sannadkii 2014-kii, NASA ee dalka Maraykanka waxa ay soo saartay graphene sensor-ka loo isticmaalo garoonka hawada sare, kaas oo ogaan kara curiyayaasha raadraaca hawada sare ee dhulka iyo cilladaha qaab dhismeedka hawada sare. Graphene sidoo kale waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaari doontaa codsiyada suurtagalka ah sida qalabka diyaaradaha ultralight. Cunsurka sawir-qaadista waa nooc cusub oo ah element sawir-qaade oo isticmaalaya graphene oo ah walxaha element-ka-qaadista. Iyada oo loo marayo qaab dhismeed gaar ah, waxaa la filayaa inay kordhiso awoodda sawir-qaadista kumanaan jeer marka la barbar dhigo CMOS ama CCD-da jira, iyo isticmaalka tamarta waa 10% oo keliya asalka. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa goobta kormeerayaasha iyo sawir-qaadista dayax-gacmeedka, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa kamaradaha, taleefannada casriga ah, iwm. Qalabka isku-dhafka ah ee walxaha isku dhafan ee Graphene-ku-salaysan waa jihada cilmi-baarista ee muhiimka ah ee goobta codsiyada graphene. Waxay soo bandhigeen waxqabad aad u wanaagsan dhinacyada kaydinta tamarta, aaladaha dareeraha ah ee crystals, aaladaha elektiroonigga ah, agabka noolaha, agabka dareenka, iyo qaadeyaasha kicinta, waxayna leeyihiin rajooyin codsi oo ballaaran.
9. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baarista isku-dhafka graphene waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan isku-dhafka polymer-ka graphene iyo nanocomposites-ka-garaaf-ku-saleysan Iyadoo qoto-dheeraanta cilmi-baarista graphene, codsiga xoojinta graphene ee isku-dhafka birta-ku-saleysan ee bulk-ku-saleysan Dadku waxay bixinayaan feejignaan dheeraad ah iyo dheeraad ah. Isku-dhafka polymer-ka badan iyo walxaha dhoobada leh ee xoogga badan ee laga sameeyay graphene waxay kor u qaadaan sifooyin gaar ah oo badan oo walxaha isku dhafan. Biographene waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dedejiyo kala soocida osteogenic ee unugyada tarma ee dhuuxa lafta bini'aadamka, iyo sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo biosensors of graphene epitaxial on silicon carbide. Isla mar ahaantaana, graphene waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida korantada dareemayaasha iyada oo aan la beddelin ama la burburin sifooyinka sida xoogga calaamadda ama samaynta unugyada nabarrada. Dabacsanaanteeda, biocompatibility iyo conductivity awgeed, electrodes graphene ayaa aad uga xasilan vivo marka loo eego tungsten ama silikoon electrodes. Graphene oxide waa mid aad waxtar u leh in la joojiyo koritaanka E. coli iyada oo aan waxyeello u geysan unugyada bini'aadamka.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-06-2021