O lo'o fa'aogaina le fa'amalama fa'amalama i le fa'amae'aina o u'amea, ma'a, fa'alavalava ma vaila'au fa'ata.
E faʻaaogaina mo le suʻesuʻeina o le fula o le ion-specific ma le fulafula o gel polymer ampholytic faʻapea foʻi ma le fuaina o polarabilities eletise o ion i polymers o alkali halides.
E maua ai le fa'aogaina i totonu o le alamanuia fa'aeletoroni e pei o se mea e fa'amama ai luga o le u'amea.
E faʻaaogaina e fai ma faʻasao, meaʻai faʻapipiʻi, se catalyzer ma se vai faʻafefe.
