1. Pakupambana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kupanga zinthu zambiri komanso mavuto akulu akulu, mayendedwe a mafakitale a graphene akuchulukirachulukira. Kutengera zotsatira za kafukufuku zomwe zilipo, ntchito zoyamba zamalonda zitha kukhala zida zam'manja, zakuthambo, ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Malo a batri. Kafukufuku woyambira Graphene ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera pakufufuza koyambira mufizikiki. Imathandizira zina zochulukira zomwe zitha kuwonetsedwa mwachidziwitso zisanatsimikizidwe kudzera muzoyeserera.
2. Mu ma graphene awiri-dimensional, kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi kumawoneka kuti kulibe. Katunduyu amapangitsa graphene kukhala chinthu chosowa chocheperako chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powerenga makina a relativistic quantum-chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayenera kuyenda pa liwiro la kuwala. zoyeserera zomwe poyambilira zimayenera kuchitidwa mu ma giant particle accelerators zitha kuchitidwa ndi graphene m'ma laboratories ang'onoang'ono. Zero mphamvu gap semiconductors makamaka single-wosanjikiza graphene, ndipo dongosolo lamagetsi izi zidzakhudza kwambiri ntchito mamolekyu gasi pamwamba pake. Poyerekeza ndi chochuluka graphite, ntchito ya single-wosanjikiza graphene kumapangitsanso padziko anachita ntchito zikusonyezedwa ndi zotsatira za graphene hydrogenation ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zimachitikira, kusonyeza kuti dongosolo lamagetsi la graphene akhoza modulate pamwamba ntchito.
3. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe amagetsi a graphene angasinthidwe molingana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa ma molekyulu a gasi, omwe samangosintha kuchuluka kwa zonyamulira, komanso amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma graphene osiyanasiyana. Sensor graphene imatha kupangidwa kukhala sensor yamankhwala. Izi makamaka anamaliza ndi pamwamba adsorption ntchito ya graphene. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa akatswiri ena, mphamvu za graphene zozindikiritsa mankhwala zingayerekezedwe ndi malire a kudziwika kwa molekyulu imodzi. Mapangidwe apadera a graphene awiri-dimensional amapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri kumadera ozungulira. Graphene ndi chinthu chabwino kwa ma electrochemical biosensors. Zomverera zopangidwa ndi graphene zimakhala ndi chidwi chozindikira dopamine ndi shuga muzamankhwala. Transistor graphene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga transistors. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a graphene, transistor yamtunduwu imatha kugwirabe ntchito mokhazikika pamlingo wa atomu imodzi.
4. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma transistors amakono a silicon adzataya kukhazikika kwawo pamlingo wa pafupifupi 10 nanometers; Kuthamanga kopitilira muyeso kwa ma elekitironi mu graphene kupita kumunda wakunja kumapangitsa kuti ma transistors azitha kufika pafupipafupi kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, IBM idalengeza mu February 2010 kuti ichulukitsa ma frequency opangira ma graphene transistors mpaka 100 GHz, omwe amaposa ma silicon transistors a kukula komweko. Chiwonetsero chosinthika Chiwonetsero chopindika chidakopa chidwi kwambiri pa Consumer Electronics Show, ndipo chakhala chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha zowonetsera zosinthika zowonetsera zida zam'manja mtsogolomo.
5. Msika wamtsogolo wosinthika ndi wotakata, ndipo chiyembekezo cha graphene ngati chinthu chofunikira ndikulonjezanso. Ofufuza aku South Korea apanga kwa nthawi yoyamba chowonetsera chosinthika chopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za graphene ndi gawo lapansi lagalasi la fiber polyester sheet. Ofufuza ochokera ku South Korea's Samsung ndi Sungkyunkwan University apanga chidutswa cha graphene chofanana ndi TV pa bolodi la polyester yowoneka bwino ya 63 cm. Ananena kuti ichi ndiye chipika chachikulu kwambiri "chambiri" cha graphene. Pambuyo pake, adagwiritsa ntchito chipika cha graphene kupanga chojambula chosinthika.
6. Ofufuzawo adanena kuti mwachidziwitso, anthu amatha kukweza mafoni awo a m'manja ndikuwakhomerera kuseri kwa makutu awo ngati pensulo. Mabatire amphamvu zatsopano Mabatire amagetsi atsopano ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito malonda kwa graphene koyambirira. Massachusetts Institute of Technology ku United States yakwanitsa kupanga mapanelo osinthika a photovoltaic okhala ndi zokutira za graphene nano pamwamba, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri mtengo wopangira ma cell owoneka bwino komanso opunduka. Mabatire oterowo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalasi owonera usiku, makamera ndi makamera ena ang'onoang'ono a digito. Ntchito mu chipangizo. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wopambana ndikukula kwa mabatire apamwamba a graphene kwathetsanso zovuta za kuchepa kwa mphamvu komanso nthawi yayitali yolipirira mabatire amagetsi amagetsi atsopano, ndikufulumizitsa kwambiri chitukuko chamakampani atsopano amagetsi.
7. Mndandanda wa zotsatira za kafukufukuyu unatsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito graphene mu makampani atsopano a batri. Zosefera za desalination graphene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa matekinoloje ena ochotsa mchere. Pambuyo pa filimu ya graphene oxide yomwe ili m'madzi ikukhudzana kwambiri ndi madzi, njira yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi 0,9 nanometers ikhoza kupangidwa, ndipo ma ion kapena mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono kuposa kukula uku akhoza kudutsa mofulumira. Kukula kwa mayendedwe a capillary mu filimu ya graphene kumakanikizidwanso ndi njira zamakina, ndipo kukula kwa pore kumayendetsedwa, komwe kumatha kusefa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja. Ma graphene osungira ma haidrojeni ali ndi ubwino wopepuka, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso malo enaake apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri posungira ma haidrojeni. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu, kuwala kopitilira muyeso komanso kuonda muzamlengalenga, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa graphene muzamlengalenga ndi m'makampani ankhondo nakonso kumadziwika kwambiri.
8. Mu 2014, NASA ku United States inapanga graphene sensa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamlengalenga, yomwe imatha kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zili pamtunda wapamwamba wa dziko lapansi komanso zolakwika zapamlengalenga. Graphene itenganso gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zandege zowala kwambiri. The photosensitive element ndi mtundu watsopano wa chithunzithunzi chogwiritsa ntchito graphene ngati zinthu za photosensitive element. Kupyolera mu dongosolo lapadera, akuyembekezeka kuonjezera luso lojambula zithunzi ndi maulendo masauzande ambiri poyerekeza ndi CMOS kapena CCD, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 10% yokha yapachiyambi. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa oyang'anira ndi kujambula kwa satellite, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu makamera, mafoni anzeru, ndi zina zotero. Zida zophatikizika za Graphene-based composite materials are an important research direction in field of graphene applications. Awonetsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri pakusungirako mphamvu, zida zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi, zida zamagetsi, zida zamoyo, zida zodziwikiratu, ndi zonyamulira zothandizira, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chochulukirapo.
9. Pakali pano, kafukufuku wa ma graphene composites makamaka amayang'ana pa graphene polima composites ndi graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. Ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku wa graphene, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera za graphene m'magulu opangidwa ndi zitsulo zochulukirapo Anthu akuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri. Zophatikizika zama polima amitundu yambiri komanso zida zamphamvu zaporous ceramic zopangidwa ndi graphene zimakulitsa zinthu zambiri zapadera zazinthu zophatikizika. Biographene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufulumizitsa kusiyanitsa kwa osteogenic kwa maselo amtundu wa mafupa a mesenchymal tsinde, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga biosensors ya epitaxial graphene pa silicon carbide. Pa nthawi yomweyo, graphene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati minyewa mawonekedwe elekitirodi popanda kusintha kapena kuwononga katundu monga mphamvu chizindikiro kapena chilonda mapangidwe minofu. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, biocompatibility ndi conductivity, ma electrode a graphene amakhala okhazikika mu vivo kuposa ma tungsten kapena ma silicon electrode. Graphene oxide ndiyothandiza kwambiri poletsa kukula kwa E. coli popanda kuvulaza maselo amunthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-06-2021