1. Site na ọganihu nke nta nke nta nke mmepụta ihe na nnukwu nsogbu, ngwa ngwa nke ngwa mmepụta ihe nke graphene na-agba ọsọ. Dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha dị adị, ngwa azụmaahịa mbụ nwere ike ịbụ ngwaọrụ mkpanaka, ikuku ikuku, na ume ọhụrụ. Ogige batrị. Nnyocha bụ isi Graphene nwere mkpa pụrụ iche maka nyocha bụ isi na physics. Ọ na-enyere ụfọdụ mmetụta quantum aka nke enwere ike igosipụta naanị n'usoro usoro tupu enwee ike nyochaa ya site na nnwale.
2. Na graphene akụkụ abụọ, oke nke electrons yiri ka ọ dịghị. Ngwongwo a na-eme graphene ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke enwere ike iji mụọ usoro nhazi nke relativistic - n'ihi na ihe ndị na-enweghị oke ga-agagharị na ọsọ nke ọkụ Ya mere, a ghaghị ịkọwa ya site na relativistic quantum mechanics, nke na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nkà mmụta sayensị ntụziaka nyocha ọhụrụ: ụfọdụ Enwere ike iji graphene mee nnwale ndị dị mkpa ka a rụọ na mbụ na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na graphene na obere ụlọ nyocha. Semiconductors nke oghere ume efu bụ graphene nwere otu oyi akwa, na usoro eletrọnịkị a ga-emetụta ọrụ nke ụmụ irighiri gas n'elu ya. E jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu graphite, ọrụ nke graphene otu-layer iji kwalite ọrụ mmeghachi omume elu na-egosipụta site na nsonaazụ nke graphene hydrogenation na mmeghachi omume oxidation, na-egosi na usoro eletrọnịkị nke graphene nwere ike gbanwee ọrụ elu.
3. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e nwere ike gbanwee usoro eletrọnịkị nke graphene n'otu n'otu site na ntinye nke mgbasa ozi gas molecule, nke na-abụghị nanị na-agbanwe ntinye nke ndị na-ebu ya, kamakwa enwere ike iji graphene dị iche iche mee ihe. Enwere ike ịme graphene sensọ ka ọ bụrụ ihe mmetụta kemịkalụ. A na-emecha usoro a site na arụmọrụ mgbasa ozi elu nke graphene. Dị ka nchọpụta ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta mere, a pụrụ iji nghọta nke ihe nchọpụta kemịkal graphene tụnyere njedebe nke nchọpụta otu molekul. Ọdịdị akụkụ abụọ pụrụ iche nke Graphene na-eme ka ọ na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Graphene bụ ihe dị mma maka biosensors electrochemical. Ihe mmetụta nke graphene nwere ezi uche maka ịchọpụta dopamine na glucose na ọgwụ. Enwere ike iji transistor graphene mee transistor. N'ihi nkwụsi ike dị elu nke usoro graphene, ụdị transistor a ka nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na nha nke otu atọm.
4. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị transistor dabeere na silicon ugbu a ga-atụfu nkwụsi ike ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dịka 10 nanometers; ultra-ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume ọsọ nke electrons na graphene na mpụga ubi na-eme ka transistor mere nke ya nwere ike iru nnọọ elu ọrụ ugboro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, IBM kwupụtara na February 2010 na ọ ga-abawanye ugboro ole transistor graphene ruo 100 GHz, nke karịrị nke silicon transistor nke otu nha. Ngosipụta na-agbanwe agbanwe Ihuenyo bendable dọtara mmasị dị ukwuu na Consumer Electronics Show, ọ ghọwokwa usoro nke mmepe nke ihuenyo ngosi mgbanwe maka ngosipụta ngwaọrụ mkpanaka n'ọdịnihu.
5. Ahịa n'ọdịnihu nke ngosi mgbanwe dị ukwuu, na atụmanya nke graphene dị ka ihe bụ isi na-ekwekwa nkwa. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta South Korea ewepụtala nke mbụ ihe ngosi na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ọtụtụ graphene na mpempe akwụkwọ polyester fiber nwere iko. Ndị ọrụ nyocha sitere na South Korea Samsung na Mahadum Sungkyunkwan ewepụtala mpempe graphene dị ọcha nke nha TV na bọọdụ polyester enyo enyo dị obosara 63 cm na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ha kwuru na nke a bụ nnukwu ngọngọ graphene. N'ikpeazụ, ha jiri graphene ngọngọ mepụta ihuenyo mmetụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
6. Ndị nyocha ahụ kwuru na n'echiche, ndị mmadụ nwere ike tụgharịa ekwentị ha ma tụnye ha n'azụ ntị ha ka pensụl. Batrị ume ọhụrụ batrị ike ọhụrụ bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke graphene na-eji azụmaahịa mbụ. Ụlọ ọrụ Massachusetts Institute of Technology dị na United States ejiriwo ihe mkpuchi fotovoltaic na-agbanwe nke ọma na graphene nano- mkpuchi n'elu, nke nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa nke ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-egbuke egbuke na nke nwere ike imebi. Enwere ike iji batrị dị otú ahụ na enyo ọhụụ abalị, igwefoto na obere igwefoto dijitalụ ndị ọzọ. Ngwa dị na ngwaọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, nyocha nke ọma na mmepe nke batrị graphene super batrị edoziwokwa nsogbu nke enweghị ikike zuru oke yana ogologo oge ịchaji batrị ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, na-eme ka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ batrị ọhụrụ ike ngwa ngwa.
7. Usoro nyocha nke a meghere ụzọ maka itinye graphene na ụlọ ọrụ batrị ọhụrụ ike. A na-eji ihe nzacha graphene na-ekpochapụ salination karịa teknụzụ ịsa mmiri ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ihe nkiri graphene oxide na gburugburu mmiri na-akpachi anya na mmiri, enwere ike ịmepụta ọwa nke obosara nke ihe dịka 0.9 nanometers, na ions ma ọ bụ molecules dị ntakịrị karịa nke a nwere ike ịgafe ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọwa capillary na ihe nkiri graphene site n'iji ígwè ọrụ eme ihe, a na-achịkwa oke pore, nke nwere ike nyochaa nnu n'ime mmiri nke ọma. Ihe nchekwa nchekwa hydrogen graphene nwere uru nke ịdị arọ dị arọ, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dị elu na mpaghara elu akọwapụtara nke ọma, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye nyocha kacha mma maka ihe nchekwa hydrogen. N'ihi njiri mara elu conductivity, ike dị elu, ultra-light and thin in aerospace, uru ngwa nke graphene na mbara igwe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu.
8. N'afọ 2014, NASA dị na United States mepụtara ihe mmetụta graphene nke a na-eji na mbara igwe, nke nwere ike ịchọpụta ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe dị elu nke ụwa na ntụpọ nhazi na ụgbọ elu. Graphene ga-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa karịa na ngwa nwere ike dị ka ihe ụgbọ elu ultralight. Ihe mmewere nke foto bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke mmewere foto na-eji graphene dị ka ihe nke mmewere foto. Site na nhazi pụrụ iche, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abawanye ike fotosensitivity site na ọtụtụ puku ugboro ma e jiri ya tụnyere CMOS ma ọ bụ CCD dị adị, na ike oriri bụ nanị 10% nke mbụ. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ọhịa nke nlekota na onyonyo satịlaịtị, enwere ike iji ya na igwefoto, smart phones, wdg. Ihe ndị mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara Graphene bụ ntụzịaka nyocha dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke ngwa graphene. Ha egosipụtala ọmarịcha arụmọrụ n'akụkụ nchekwa nchekwa ike, ngwaọrụ kristal mmiri mmiri, ngwa eletrọnịkị, ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe, na ndị na-ebu ihe na-akpali akpali, ma nwee atụmanya dị ukwuu nke ngwa.
9. Ugbu a, nchọpụta nke graphene composites tumadi na-elekwasị anya na graphene polymer composites na graphene dabeere inorganic nanocomposites. Site n'ịbawanye nyocha nke graphene, ntinye nke mgbakwunye graphene n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka ígwè na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-etinyekwu uche. Multifunctional polymer composites na elu-ike porous seramiiki ihe nke graphene na-akwalite ọtụtụ pụrụ iche Njirimara nke ihe mejupụtara. A na-eji biographene mee ngwangwa osteogenic ọdịiche nke ụmị ọkpụkpụ mmadụ mesenchymal stem cell, na-ejikwa ya mee biosensors nke epitaxial graphene na silicon carbide. N'otu oge ahụ, enwere ike iji graphene dị ka electrode interface akwara na-enweghị mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mebie ihe ndị dị ka ike mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ. N'ihi mgbanwe ya, biocompatibility na conductivity, graphene electrodes kwụsiri ike na vivo karịa tungsten ma ọ bụ silicon electrodes. Graphene oxide dị irè nke ukwuu n'igbochi uto nke E. coli na-emerụghị sel mmadụ.
Oge nzipu: Nov-06-2021