1. Nrog cov teeb meem dav dav ntawm cov teeb meem loj thiab cov teeb meem loj, lub pob ntawm kev lag luam graphene yog nrawm. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm, thawj cov kev siv lag luam tuaj yeem yog mobile pab kiag li lawm, aerospace, thiab lub zog tshiab. Roj teeb luam. Cov Kev Tshawb Fawb Yooj yim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb nrhiav theem pib hauv physics. Nws ua rau qee qhov ntau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas tsuas yog ua kom pom cov theoretically ua ntej tuaj yeem yog qhia tau los ntawm kev sim.
2. Nyob rau hauv ob-seem graphene, qhov loj ntawm cov hluav taws xob zoo li tsis muaj. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau graphene qhov kev tshawb fawb me me uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev tshawb fawb loj heev: Xoom zog lub zog gap semiconductors feem ntau yog ib-txheej graphene, thiab tus qauv hluav taws xob no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj av ntawm nws sab. Piv nrog rau ntau graphite, txoj haujlwm ntawm ib-txheej graphene los qhia los ntawm graphene hydrogenation thiab oxidation ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm graphene tuaj yeem hloov cov kev ua si saum npoo.
3. Ib qho ntxiv, cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov qauv hloov pauv, uas tsis yog hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tso nrog cov duab sib txawv. Lub ntsej muag graphene tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshwm sim ntawm graphene. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov rhiab ntawm graphene tshuaj ntes tau tuaj yeem piv nrog kev txwv ntawm ib leeg molecule nrhiav kom tau. Graphene cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ua rau nws nkag siab zoo rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Graphene yog cov khoom zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrochemical. Sensors tau ua los ntawm graphene muaj qhov zoo rhiab heev rau ntes dopamine thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov tshuaj. Kev Txuas Transistor tuaj yeem siv los ua cov transistors. Vim yog cov qauv kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv graphene, hom kev hloov pauv no tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm ib qho atom.
4. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, qhov chaw nyob ua si tam sim no yuav poob lawv txoj kev ruaj khov ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm 10 Nanometers; Cov ultra-nrawm nrawm nrawm ntawm cov hoob hluav taws xob hauv daim graphene rau sab nraud teb ua rau cov transistors ua los ntawm nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag siab heev zaus. Piv txwv li, IBM tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2010 tias nws yuav nce cov kev ua haujlwm ntau ntawm graphene trantors rau 100 ghz, uas ntau tshaj ntawm silicon tranticors ntawm tib qho loj. Saj zawg zog qhia cov npov zoo nkauj tau nyiam ntau ntau rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rau cov cuab yeej mobile cov ntawv qhia yav tom ntej.
5. Yav tom ntej kev ua lag luam ntawm cov zaub hloov tau yog qhov dav dav, thiab lub zeem muag ntawm graphene ua cov khoom siv yooj yim kuj cog lus. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav sab qab teb Kauslim tau tsim tawm rau thawj zaug uas hloov tau pob tshab ntawm ntau txheej ntawm graphene thiab ib lub iav fiber ntau polyester ntawv substrate. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm South Kauslim Samsung thiab Sunggkyunch University tau muab cov ntshiab ntawm ib qho 63 cm dav yooj yim pob tshab iav fiber ntau. Lawv tau hais tias qhov no yog qhov deb tshaj plaws "kev loj" graphene thaiv. Tom qab, lawv tau siv cov graphene thaiv kom tsim cov vijtsam sib haum.
6. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau hais tias hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, tib neeg tuaj yeem dov lawv cov smartphones thiab pin lawv qab lawv lub pob ntseg zoo li tus xaum pob. Cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj teeb tseem ceeb ntawm Graphene cov kev lag luam thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Lub koomhaum Massachusetts ntawm lub tshuab siv tshuab tau ua tiav tau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam nano, uas tuaj yeem txo cov pob tshab thiab muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab solar. Cov roj teeb no tuaj yeem siv rau hmo pom kev tsaus ntuj goggles, cov koob yees duab thiab lwm cov koob yees duab digital me me. Daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom siv. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tshawb nrhiav tau zoo thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov teeb meem tsheb tsis txaus thiab ntev ntev kev txhim kho cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab.
7. Cov lus no ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb txoj kev rau daim ntawv thov ntawm graphene hauv kev lag luam roj teeb tshiab. Desalination Graphene lim tau siv ntau dua li lwm cov thev naus laus zis desalination. Tom qab graphene oxide zaj duab xis hauv cov dej ib puag ncig yog nyob ze nrog rau 0.9 Nanometers tuaj yeem tsim, thiab ions lossis molecules me dua qhov loj me. Qhov loj ntawm cov capillarrary raws nyob rau hauv graphene la macene yog txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev siv tshuab txhais tau tias, thiab lub pore loj yog tswj tau cov ntsev hauv dej hiav txwv. Cov khoom siv hydrogen cia muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, muaj cov tshuaj ruaj khov thiab thaj chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom lag luam hydrogen cia khoom. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, siab lub zog, ultra-teeb ntawm graphene hauv aerospace thiab kev lag luam tub rog kuj tseem muaj koob npe heev.
8. Nyob rau xyoo 2014, NASA hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim ib qho teeb duab graphene siv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws aerospace, uas tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov kab ke ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv tsis xws luag ntawm lub dav hlau. Graphene kuj tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov yuav muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv dav dav dav hlau. Cov duab keeb kwm yog hom tshiab ntawm koob thaij duab siv cov duab graphene raws li cov khoom ntawm cov duab. Los ntawm tus qauv tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum nce cov duab muaj peev xwm los ntawm ntau txhiab lub sij hawm piv nrog cov muaj sia nyob CMOS lossis CCD, thiab lub zog noj tsuas yog 10% ntawm thawj. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov neeg saib xyuas thiab satellite kev yees duab, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov koob yees duab, thiab lwm yam khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv kev sib sau ua ke graphene cov ntawv thov. Lawv tau pom tau ua tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaw cia khoom, ua kua siv ua kua siv ua kua, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv.
9. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm graphene composites feem ntau yog tsom rau graphene polymer composites thiab graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. Nrog rau qhov sib xyaw ntawm graphene kev tshawb fawb, daim ntawv thov ntawm graphene kev siv nyiaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg hlau sib txuas yog them ntau dua thiab ntau mloog. Multifunctional polymer composites thiab high-zog porous ceramic cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm graphene txhim kho ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw. Biographene yog siv los ua kom nrawm osteeogenic sib txawv ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb pob txha caj pas, thiab nws tseem siv los ua biosensors ntawm cov graphe graphene ntawm silicon carbide. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, graphene tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hlab ntsha elevel electrace tsis muaj hloov lossis rhuav tshem cov teeb meem lossis caws pliav ntaub so ntswg. Vim tias nws yooj yim, biocompatibility thiab conductivity, graphene electrodes muaj ntau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv vivo dua tungsten lossis silicon electrodes. Graphene oxide yog siv tau zoo heev inhibiting txoj kev loj hlob ntawm E. coli yam tsis muaj kev ua phem tib neeg cov hlwb.
Lub sijhawm Post: NOV-06-2021