Kev siv Graphene

1. Nrog rau qhov maj mam tawg ntawm cov khoom loj thiab cov teeb meem loj, cov pace ntawm kev lag luam daim ntawv thov ntawm graphene yog accelerating. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm, thawj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam yuav yog cov khoom siv mobile, aerospace, thiab lub zog tshiab. Roj teeb teb. Kev tshawb fawb yooj yim Graphene muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv physics. Nws tso cai rau qee qhov kev cuam tshuam quantum uas tsuas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj theoretically ua ntej tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim.

2. Nyob rau hauv ob-dimensional graphene, qhov loj ntawm electrons zoo li tsis muaj nyob. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau graphene ib qho tsis tshua muaj condensed teeb meem uas tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog kev sib raug zoo quantum mechanics-vim tias cov khoom tsis muaj zog yuav tsum txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau piav qhia los ntawm kev sib raug zoo quantum mechanics, uas muab cov theoretical physicists nrog kev tshawb fawb tshiab: qee qhov Cov kev sim uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum xub thawj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv loj particle accelerators yuav nqa tawm nrog graphene nyob rau hauv me me chaw soj nstuam. Zero zog gap semiconductors feem ntau yog ib txheej graphene, thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj molecules ntawm nws qhov chaw. Piv nrog rau cov graphite ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib txheej graphene los txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum npoo yog pom los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm graphene hydrogenation thiab oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhia tias cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm graphene tuaj yeem hloov kho cov dej num saum npoo av.

3. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawm graphene tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau los ntawm induction ntawm cov pa roj molecule adsorption, uas tsis tsuas yog hloov cov concentration ntawm cov cab kuj, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov graphene sib txawv. Lub sensor graphene tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov tshuaj sensor. Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov adsorption ntawm graphene. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov rhiab heev ntawm graphene tshuaj ntes tau tuaj yeem muab piv nrog qhov txwv ntawm ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav molecule. Graphene tus qauv ob-dimensional tshwj xeeb ua rau nws nkag siab zoo rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Graphene yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau electrochemical biosensors. Sensors ua los ntawm graphene muaj rhiab heev rau kev kuaj dopamine thiab qabzib hauv tshuaj. Transistor graphene tuaj yeem siv los ua cov transistors. Vim lub siab ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv graphene, hom transistor no tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm ib qho atom.

4. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, tam sim no silicon-raws li transistors yuav poob lawv stability ntawm lub teev ntawm txog 10 nanometers; lub ultra-ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub graphene mus rau sab nraud teb ua rau cov transistors ua los ntawm nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau heev khiav hauj lwm zaus. Piv txwv li, IBM tau tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2010 tias nws yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm zaus ntawm graphene transistors mus rau 100 GHz, uas tshaj li ntawm silicon transistors ntawm tib qhov loj. Flexible zaub Lub vijtsam bendable tau ntxim nyiam heev ntawm Consumer Electronics Show, thiab nws tau dhau los ua tus qauv ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus hloov tau yooj yim rau cov khoom siv mobile nthuav tawm yav tom ntej.

5. Kev ua lag luam yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim yog qhov dav, thiab lub zeem muag ntawm graphene yog cov khoom siv yooj yim kuj tau cog lus. Cov kws tshawb fawb South Kauslim tau tsim thawj zaug ib qho kev hloov pauv pob tshab uas muaj ntau txheej ntawm graphene thiab iav fiber ntau polyester ntawv substrate. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm South Kauslim Samsung thiab Sungkyunkwan University tau tsim ib daim graphene ntshiab qhov loj ntawm lub TV ntawm 63 cm dav hloov pauv pob tshab iav fiber ntau polyester board. Lawv hais tias qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws "bulk" graphene thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau siv cov graphene thaiv los tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.

6. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, tib neeg tuaj yeem dov lawv lub xov tooj smartphones thiab pin lawv qab lawv pob ntseg zoo li xaum. Cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab Cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tshiab kuj tseem yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm graphene kev lag luam thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Massachusetts lub koom haum thev naus laus zis hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav kev tsim cov duab hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau yooj yim nrog graphene nano-coatings rau saum npoo, uas tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim cov pob tshab thiab deformable hnub ci. Cov roj teeb zoo li no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tsom iav hmo ntuj, lub koob yees duab thiab lwm lub koob yees duab me me. Daim ntawv thov hauv lub cuab yeej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm graphene super roj teeb kuj tau daws cov teeb meem ntawm lub peev xwm tsis txaus thiab lub sij hawm them ntev ntawm lub zog tshiab lub tsheb roj teeb, ua kom nrawm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tshiab roj teeb kev lag luam.

7. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb no tau nthuav dav rau kev siv graphene hauv kev lag luam roj teeb tshiab. Desalination graphene lim yog siv ntau tshaj li lwm yam desalination technologies. Tom qab cov graphene oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv cov dej ib puag ncig yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej, ib tug channel nrog ib tug dav ntawm txog 0.9 nanometers yuav tsim, thiab ions los yog molecules me tshaj qhov luaj li cas yuav kis tau sai heev. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov kab capillary nyob rau hauv graphene zaj duab xis yog ntxiv compressed los ntawm txhua yam txhais tau tias, thiab lub pore loj yog tswj, uas muaj peev xwm lim cov ntsev nyob rau hauv seawater. Cov khoom siv hydrogen graphene muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab siab tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw, ua rau nws yog tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hydrogen. Vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, siab zog, ultra-lub teeb thiab nyias hauv aerospace, daim ntawv thov zoo ntawm graphene hauv kev lag luam aerospace thiab tub rog kuj tseem ceeb heev.

8. Nyob rau xyoo 2014, NASA hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub graphene sensor siv nyob rau hauv aerospace teb, uas tuaj yeem ntes cov kab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv tsis xws luag ntawm lub dav hlau. Graphene tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov xws li cov khoom siv dav hlau ultralight. Lub caij photosensitive yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv photosensitive siv graphene ua cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum ua kom lub peev xwm photosensitive los ntawm ntau txhiab zaus piv nrog CMOS lossis CCD uas twb muaj lawm, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog 10% ntawm qhov qub. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev saib xyuas thiab satellite duab, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov koob yees duab, xov tooj ntse, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw Graphene-based composite cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov graphene. Lawv tau ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog cia, cov khoom siv ua kua siv lead ua kua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv roj ntsha, cov ntaub ntawv xav tau, thiab cov cab kuj catalyst, thiab muaj ntau yam kev cia siab ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov.

9. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm graphene composites feem ntau tsom rau graphene polymer composites thiab graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. Nrog rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm graphene kev tshawb fawb, daim ntawv thov ntawm graphene reinforcements nyob rau hauv tej hlau-raws li composites tib neeg tau them ntau thiab ntau xim. Multifunctional polymer composites thiab high-strength ntxeem tau cov ntaub ntawv ceramic ua los ntawm graphene txhim khu ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Biographene yog siv los ua kom cov osteogenic sib txawv ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha pob txha mesenchymal qia hlwb, thiab nws kuj yog siv los ua biosensors ntawm epitaxial graphene ntawm silicon carbide. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, graphene tuaj yeem siv los ua cov paj hlwb interface electrode yam tsis tau hloov lossis rhuav tshem cov khoom xws li teeb liab lub zog lossis caws pliav. Vim nws yooj yim, biocompatibility thiab conductivity, graphene electrodes muaj ntau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv vivo tshaj tungsten los yog silicon electrodes. Graphene oxide muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm E. coli yam tsis ua mob rau tib neeg lub hlwb.