1.Ma keʻano he mea hoʻopaneʻeʻeleʻele o ka metala, loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kūikawā. Ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā mea metala e like me ke gula, ke kālā a me ke keleawe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa oxidation a me ka adhesion me nā polymers e like me ka resin.
2.I ka ʻoihana pāpaʻi, hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha inorganic e like me ka silica, carbon black, glass fiber a me ka mica, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka rubber.
3.I ka ʻoihana textile, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka anti shrinkage hoʻopau i nā lole a me nā mea maka o nā huahana mālama lauoho.
