Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Graphene

1. Me ka holomua o ka hana nui a me nā pilikia nui, ke wikiwiki nei ka wikiwiki o ka noi ʻana o ka graphene. Ma muli o nā hopena noiʻi e kū nei, ʻo nā noi pāʻoihana mua paha he mau polokalamu kelepona, aerospace, a me ka ikehu hou. kahua pākaukau. ʻO ka noiʻi kumu He koʻikoʻi ko Graphene no ka noiʻi kumu ma ka physics. Hāʻawi ia i kekahi mau hopena quantum i hiki ke hōʻike wale ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua.

2. I loko o nā graphene ʻelua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nui o nā electrons. Hoʻolilo kēia waiwai i ka graphene i mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e aʻo i nā mechanics quantum relativistic-no ka mea, pono e neʻe nā ʻāpana massless i ka māmā o ka māmā No laila, pono e wehewehe ʻia e ka relativistic quantum mechanics, e hāʻawi ana i nā physicists theoretical me kahi kuhikuhi noiʻi hou: kekahi Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua i makemake mua ʻia e hana ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻolalelale ʻeleʻele nunui me ka graphene i loko o nā laboratories liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā semiconductor gap ikehu no ka nui o ka graphene one-layer, a e hoʻopilikia koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano uila i ka hana o nā molekele kinoea ma luna o kona ʻili. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka graphite nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hana o ka graphene one-layer e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻili e nā hopena o ka graphene hydrogenation a me nā hopena oxidation, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ke ʻano uila o ka graphene ke hoʻololi i ka hana ʻili.

3. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi like ʻia ke ʻano uila o ka graphene e ka induction o ke kinoea mole adsorption, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi wale i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea lawe, akā hiki ke doped me nā graphenes like ʻole. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka graphene sensor i mea ʻike kemika. Hoʻopau nui ʻia kēia kaʻina hana e ka hana adsorption o ka graphene. Wahi a ka noiʻi a kekahi poʻe loea, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka naʻau o nā mea ʻike kemika graphene me ka palena o ka ʻike mole hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hana ʻelua-dimensional kūʻokoʻa o Graphene e maʻalahi loa ia i ke kaiapuni a puni. ʻO Graphene kahi mea kūpono no nā biosensors electrochemical. Loaʻa i nā sensor i hana ʻia me ka graphene ka naʻau maikaʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka dopamine a me ka glucose i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka graphene transistor e hana i nā transistors. Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka hana graphene, hiki i kēia ʻano transistor ke hana paʻa ma ka pālākiō o hoʻokahi atom.

4. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, e nalowale ana ka paʻa o nā transistors i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka pālākiō ma kahi o 10 nanometer; ka ultra-wikiwiki pane wikiwiki o electrons i loko o ka graphene i ka waho kahua e hiki i nā transistors i hana ia e hiki ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻolaha ʻo IBM i Pepeluali 2010 e hoʻonui i ka alapine hana o nā transistors graphene i 100 GHz, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā transistors silika o ka nui like. Hōʻike maʻalahi Ua hoʻohuli nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka Consumer Electronics Show ʻO ka pale liʻiliʻi i ka Consumer Electronics Show, a ua lilo ia i kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pale hōʻike maʻalahi no nā hōʻike kelepona paʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

5. He ākea ka mākeke e hiki mai ana o ka hōʻike maʻalahi, a ʻo ka manaʻo o ka graphene ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu. Ua hana mua nā mea noiʻi ʻo South Korea i kahi hōʻike ʻālohilohi maʻalahi i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana he nui o ka graphene a me ke aniani fiber polyester sheet substrate. Ua hana nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui ʻo Samsung a me Sungkyunkwan o South Korea i kahi ʻāpana graphene maʻemaʻe e like me ka nui o ke TV ma luna o ka 63 knm ākea hiki ke hoʻololi i ka aniani fiber polyester board. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻo kēia ka nui loa o ka poloka graphene "nui". Ma hope mai, hoʻohana lākou i ka poloka graphene e hana i kahi pale paʻi maʻalahi.

6. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi, ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i nā kānaka ke ʻōwili i kā lākou kelepona a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou ma hope o ko lākou mau pepeiao e like me ka penikala. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ikehu hou He wahi koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi nā ʻeke ikehu hou o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ka graphene. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā panela photovoltaic maʻalahi me nā graphene nano-coatings ma luna o ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele solar a deformable. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia mau ʻaʻa i nā maka aniani ʻike pō, nā kamera a me nā kiʻi kamepiula liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ma ka mea hana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pākaukau graphene super ua hoʻopau i nā pilikia o ka lawa ʻole o ka hiki a me ka manawa lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻeke kaʻa kaʻa hou, e wikiwiki ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana pāhana ikehu hou.

7. Na kēia pūʻulu o nā hualoaʻa noiʻi i paʻa i ke ala no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka graphene i ka ʻoihana pākaukau ikehu hou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana desalination graphene ma mua o nā ʻenehana desalination ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka pili ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni graphene oxide i loko o ke kaiapuni wai me ka wai, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahawai me kahi ākea o 0.9 nanometers, a hiki ke hele koke i nā ion a i ʻole nā ​​molekole liʻiliʻi ma mua o kēia nui. ʻO ka nui o nā kahawai capillary i loko o ke kiʻi graphene e hoʻopiʻi hou ʻia e nā ʻano mechanical, a mālama ʻia ka nui o ka pore, hiki ke kānana maikaʻi i ka paʻakai i ka wai kai. Loaʻa i ka graphene mea mālama hydrogen nā mea maikaʻi o ke kaumaha māmā, ke kūpaʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, e lilo ia i mea koho maikaʻi loa no nā mea mālama hydrogen. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka ultra-māmā a me ka lahilahi i ka aerospace, ʻo nā pono noi o ka graphene i ka aerospace a me ka ʻoihana pūʻali koa kaulana loa.

8. I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻomohala ʻo NASA i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi sensor graphene i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua aerospace, hiki ke ʻike i nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka lewa kiʻekiʻe o ka honua a me nā hemahema o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mokulele. E pāʻani nui ʻia ʻo Graphene i nā noi kūpono e like me nā mea mokulele ultralight. ʻO ka mea kiʻi kiʻi he ʻano hou o ka mea kiʻi kiʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka graphene ma ke ʻano he mea o ka mea kiʻi kiʻi. Ma o kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka hiki ke kiʻi kiʻi i nā tausani o nā manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka CMOS a i ʻole ka CCD i kēia manawa, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu he 10% wale nō o ka mea kumu. Hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kahua o ka nānā 'ana a me ka ukali kiʻi, a hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka pahupaʻiwikiō, akamai kelepona, a pela aku. Ua hōʻike lākou i ka hana maikaʻi loa ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, nā mea aniani wai, nā mea uila, nā mea olaola, nā mea ʻike, a me nā mea lawe catalyst, a loaʻa iā lākou kahi ākea o nā noi noi.

9. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana o nā graphene composites ka mea nui i ka graphene polymer composites a me ka graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites. Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi graphene, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika graphene i loko o nā composites i hoʻokumu ʻia metala nui Ke uku nui nei ka poʻe. ʻO nā hui polymer multifunctional a me nā mea hana seramika porous kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me ka graphene e hoʻonui i nā waiwai kūikawā o nā mea hoʻohui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Biographene e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻokoʻa osteogenic o nā iwi iwi iwi mesenchymal stem cell, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hana i nā biosensors o ka epitaxial graphene ma ka silicon carbide. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka graphene ma ke ʻano he electrode interface nerve me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ka luku ʻana i nā waiwai e like me ka ikaika hōʻailona a i ʻole ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo scar. Ma muli o kona maʻalahi, biocompatibility a me ka conductivity, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā electrodes graphene i vivo ma mua o ka tungsten a i ʻole nā ​​​​electrodes silicon. He mea maikaʻi loa ka Graphene oxide i ke kāohi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o E. coli me ka hoʻopōʻino ʻole ʻana i nā pūnaewele kanaka.