Hōʻike ia i ka fluorescence poni nāwaliwali i ka wā i wela ai ma lalo o ke kukui uila, a he hopena polarization maikaʻi kona aniani, kūpono loa ia no ka spectroscopy ultraviolet a me infrared.
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ʻakika dilute a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waikawa nitric.