1. E pale i ka pili ana me ka ea. Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā waikawa chloride, oxygen, a me nā waikawa.
2. ʻO ka wai kala ʻole a maʻalahi ke kahe ʻana, e ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ke ʻike ʻia i ka lā a i ʻole ka ea. He ʻono ʻawaʻawa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai, akā paʻa ʻole i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol, ether, benzene a me chloroform, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka petroleum hydrocarbons. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā alkanes.
3. Nā waiwai kemika: Hiki i ka waiʻona Furfuryl ke hoʻemi i ka solution nitrate ammonia kālā ke hoʻomehana ʻia. Paʻa ia i ka alkali, akā maʻalahi ka resinize ma lalo o ka hana o ka waikawa a i ʻole ka oxygen i ka lewa. ʻO ka mea nui, paʻakikī loa ia i nā ʻakika ikaika a paʻa pinepine i ke ahi ke ikaika ka hopena. ʻIke ʻia he uliuli ke hoʻomehana ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka diphenylamine, acetic acid, a me ka sulfuric acid concentrated (diphenylamine reaction).
4. Aia i loko o nā lau paka i ho'ōla ʻia, nā lau paka burley, nā lau paka hikina a me ka uahi.
