1. ʻO ka mālama lōʻihi i ka lewa he maʻalahi ke oxidize a lilo ke kala i ʻeleʻele, me ka sublimation. He ʻala haʻahaʻa kona a hoʻonanea i ka ʻili. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia inā loaʻa ka lapalapa a me ka wela nui.
2. ʻO nā mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia i hui pū ʻia me ka diphenylamine, he mea ʻawaʻawa ke ʻai ʻia a inhaled paha. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia huahana e ka ʻili, e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻili, dermatitis, discoloration o ka lauoho a me nā kui, ka mumū o ka conjunctiva a me ka cornea, ka huhū o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū, ka pōʻino i nā puʻupaʻa a me ka ate, a ke kumu i ka anemia hemolytic, ʻeha ʻōpū, a me ka tachycardia. Pono nā mea hana e hoʻokomo i nā mea pale. ʻO ka poʻe i lawe kuhi hewa, pono e loaʻa koke ka holoi ʻana i ka ʻōpū no ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana.
